Kva Power
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How the power factor is caused.? what is the effects? what is kvar? kw? kva?
Whether power factor arise only in 3phase ac or also in 1phase ac?
What is LEAD LAG UNITY?
what is the difference between kw and kva ?
The website book section on AC circuits linked below is probably your best bet to get a full understanding of this topic. Click on the power factor chapter; it is pretty good.
Nevertheless, my quick answers to your questions:
power factor arise only in 3phase?
** Nope. It must be considered in both single and multiple phase AC circuits
difference between kW and kVA?
** One is the unit for real power (kilo Watts) and the other is the unit for apparent power (kilo Volt-Amperes). kVAR (kilo Volt-Amperes Reactive) is the unit for reactive power (basically power that is stored and released in inductive/capacitive loads). Real power and reactive power sum up to equal apparent power (see the triangle diagram in the linked page).
How is the power factor caused? What is the effects?
** The power factor is the cosine of the impedance angle of your load (or the apparent power angle of the load, same thing). Power factor varies between zero and one. Where one indicates all real power (resistive impedance) and zero indicates all reactive power (inductive or capacitive impedance). In between zero/one is a combination between the two. Generally, we like to have a power factor near one; otherwise supplying power to large reactance loads can be wasteful and can lead to unsatisfactory voltage drops at the load.
power_factor = cos(voltage_angle - current angle) = cos(impedance_angle)
What is lead/lag/unity?
** unity => pf = 1 (all resistive load, voltage and current in phase)
** lagging => pf between 0 and 1 (corresponds to inductance in the load, current angle LESS than voltage angle)
** leading => pf between 0 and 1 (corresponds to capacitance in the load, current angle GREATER than voltage angle)
We need the lead/lag distinction in power factor, otherwise we don't have any idea if we are talking about an inductive/capacitive load.
Hope that helps.
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